Historical data
Pick an indicator to see its long-run evolution.
Foreign-born population
1900–2023Census / ACS. Vermont's share peaked with French-Canadian migration.
Foreign-Born Population
About 31,000 Vermont residents, or 4.8% of the population, are foreign-born, one of the lower shares among U.S. states but growing through refugee resettlement.
Foreign-born residents
2006–2024Census American Community Survey 1-year estimates, share of total population, B05002 (2020 not released).
Foreign-born population
2006–2024Census American Community Survey 1-year estimates, B05002 (2020 not released).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign-Born Share (%) | 4.8 | 13.9 |
- •Burlington and Winooski resettle around 400 refugees per year
- •Canada remains the top country of origin due to Vermont's northern border
- •Vermont's foreign-born share is less than half the national average
Countries of Origin
Canada is the largest source of Vermont's foreign-born residents, followed by India, Nepal/Bhutan, and China, with refugee communities adding diversity in recent decades.
Foreign-born residents who are naturalized citizens
2006–2024Census American Community Survey 1-year estimates, B05002 (2020 not released).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian-Born Share of Foreign-Born (%) | 22 | 2 |
- •Bhutanese-Nepali refugees form one of the largest recent immigrant communities in Chittenden County
- •Proximity to Quebec has historically driven Franco-Canadian migration to Vermont
- •Refugee resettlement agencies in Burlington and Winooski coordinate most new arrivals
Migration Flows
Vermont's overall migration flows combine modest international arrivals with a post-pandemic surge in domestic in-migration from neighboring Northeastern states.
Total net migration
2011–2025Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, international plus domestic net migration, July–June years (2020 partial year omitted).
Net international migration
2011–2025Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, net international migration, July–June years (2020 partial year omitted).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Net Migration Rate (per 1,000) | 6.2 | 3.5 |
- •Total net migration now exceeds natural population change as a driver of growth
- •Chittenden County receives the largest share of new arrivals
- •Rural counties see far less migration-driven growth than the Burlington metro area
International Migration
Vermont gains a modest but steady number of international migrants each year, contributing positively to overall population change amid low natural increase.
Net international migration
2011–2025Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, net international migration, July–June years (2020 partial year omitted).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Net International Migration (per 1,000 residents) | 1.9 | 3 |
- •International migration dropped sharply in 2020 due to pandemic travel restrictions
- •Refugee resettlement accounts for a significant share of Vermont's international migrants
- •Vermont's small population means even modest migration numbers have a visible demographic impact
Domestic Migration
Vermont has experienced positive net domestic migration since 2020, driven largely by remote workers relocating from Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut.
Net domestic migration
2011–2025Census Bureau Population Estimates Program, net domestic migration to/from other states, July–June years (2020 partial year omitted).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Net Domestic Migration Rate (per 1,000) | 4.3 | 0 |
- •Vermont ran domestic migration deficits for most of the 2000s and 2010s
- •The state has offered relocation incentive programs to attract remote workers
- •Massachusetts, New York and Connecticut are the top sources of new Vermont residents