Electricity Prices
Vermont residential electricity prices are above the national average, at about 21.8 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2024.
Electricity price per kWh (Northeast region)
1979–2024BLS Average Price Data, annual average (APU010072610).
Natural gas price for power plants
1997–2012U.S. EIA Natural Gas Annual, price delivered to electric power consumers (N3045VT3).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Residential electricity price (cents/kWh) | 21.8 | 16.2 |
- •Vermont's electric utilities are largely regulated, non-profit, or cooperative in structure.
- •Green Mountain Power serves the majority of Vermont customers.
- •High utility costs are partly driven by extensive rural distribution infrastructure.
Energy Production
Vermont produces electricity almost entirely from renewable sources, led by hydropower, and has no in-state natural gas or oil production.
Energy Production
2017–2023| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable share of in-state generation (%) | 100 | 21 |
- •Vermont was the first US state to ban hydraulic fracturing, in 2012.
- •Vermont Yankee, the state's only nuclear plant, closed in 2014.
- •The state imports large amounts of hydropower from Quebec, Canada.
Renewable Energy
Vermont leads the nation in the share of in-state electricity generation from renewable sources and has set a goal of 100% renewable electricity by 2035.
Renewables share of total energy consumption
1960–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, renewable energy (RETCB) ÷ total energy consumption (TETCB).
Renewable energy consumption
1960–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, all renewable sources (RETCB), consumption in billion Btu.
Hydroelectric power
1960–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, hydroelectric power (HYTCB), consumption in billion Btu.
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Renewable share of generation (%) | 100 | 21 |
- •Vermont's Renewable Energy Standard targets 100% renewable electricity by 2035.
- •Hydropower supplies more than half of Vermont's in-state generation.
- •Vermont has no coal-fired power plants.
Solar Energy
Solar power has grown rapidly in Vermont and now supplies about 23% of in-state electricity generation, one of the highest shares in the country.
Solar energy consumption
1989–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, solar, all uses (SOTCB), consumption in billion Btu.
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Solar share of in-state generation (%) | 23 | 5.5 |
- •Vermont has one of the highest shares of solar in its electricity mix among all states.
- •Community solar programs let residents subscribe to shared solar arrays.
- •Many Vermont dairy farms host solar installations to supplement income.
Wind Energy
Wind power supplies about 8% of Vermont's in-state electricity generation, with several ridgeline wind farms operating statewide.
Wind energy consumption
1999–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, wind (WYTCB), consumption in billion Btu.
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Wind share of in-state generation (%) | 8 | 10.2 |
- •Vermont's ridgeline wind projects have faced significant local opposition over siting.
- •The Sheffield Wind Project was one of the state's first utility-scale wind farms.
- •No new large wind projects have been built in Vermont in recent years.
Natural Gas
Vermont has no natural gas production and only limited natural gas distribution, concentrated in the Burlington-Chittenden County area.
Residential natural gas price
1980–2025U.S. EIA Natural Gas Annual, price delivered to residential consumers (N3010VT3).
Natural gas consumption
1997–2024U.S. EIA Natural Gas Annual, total consumption (NA1490_SVT_2).
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Natural gas production (Bcf) | 0 | 650 |
- •Vermont was the first state to ban hydraulic fracturing (2012).
- •Natural gas service is limited mainly to the Burlington metro area.
- •Fuel oil and propane remain the dominant home heating sources statewide.
Energy Consumption
Vermont has the lowest total energy consumption of any US state, reflecting its small population and mild industrial base.
Total energy consumption
1960–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, all sources (TETCB), consumption in billion Btu.
Transportation sector energy consumption
1960–2024U.S. EIA State Energy Data System, transportation sector (TEACB), consumption in billion Btu.
Natural gas consumption
1997–2024U.S. EIA Natural Gas Annual, total consumption.
| Indicator | Vermont | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Total energy consumption (trillion Btu) | 131 | 2200 |
- •Vermont's total energy consumption is the lowest of all 50 states.
- •Home heating oil and propane remain common due to the cold climate.
- •Efficiency Vermont, a statewide efficiency utility, helps reduce demand.