7th most populous of 21
With 594,160 residents in 2024, Union County ranks 7th by population among New Jersey's 21 counties and is home to 6.3% of the state's residents.
Union County is home to 594,160 people (2024 estimate) on 103 square miles of land. This page brings together official U.S. Census Bureau population estimates since 2000, the components of change—births, deaths and migration—American Community Survey indicators on income, housing, poverty and education, BEA economic accounts and BLS unemployment.
Key indicators
Population
594,160
July 1, 2024 estimate
2020 Census base
575,360
April 1, 2020
Change since 2020
+3.3%
2020–2024
Land area
103 mi²
266 km²
Population density
5,781.7 /mi²
2024 estimate ÷ land area
Births
6,619
Year to July 1, 2024
Deaths
3,995
Year to July 1, 2024
Natural change
+2,624
Births minus deaths, 2024
Net migration
+9,410
Domestic + international, 2024
Per capita personal income
$85,152
BEA, 2024
Gross domestic product
$51.9 billion
BEA, current dollars, 2024
Median household income
$103,202
ACS 2020–2024 5-year
Poverty rate
9.2%
ACS 2020–2024 5-year
Bachelor’s degree or higher
38.9%
Age 25+, ACS 2020–2024 5-year
Foreign-born residents
33.6%
ACS 2020–2024 5-year
Median home value
$529,200
ACS 2020–2024 5-year
Unemployment rate
4.9%
BLS annual average, 2024
Historical data
Pick an indicator to see its long-run evolution.
Population
2000–2024594,160▲ 14%
U.S. Census Bureau: intercensal estimates 2000–2009, Vintage 2020 (2010–2019) and Vintage 2024 (2020–2024), July 1.
Data summary
| Indicator | Value | Year and source |
|---|---|---|
| Population estimate | 594,160 | 2024 · U.S. Census Bureau |
| Population, 2010 Census | 536,499 | 2010 · U.S. Census Bureau |
| Population, 2000 | 523,124 | July 1, 2000 · Census intercensal |
| Change since 2000 | +13.6% | 2000–2024 · Census |
| International migration | +13,284 | 2024 · Census Vintage 2024 |
| Domestic migration | −3,874 | 2024 · Census Vintage 2024 |
| Birth rate | 11.1 per 1,000 | 2024 · calculated |
| Death rate | 6.7 per 1,000 | 2024 · calculated |
| Population rank in New Jersey | 7th of 21 | 2024 · calculated |
| Per capita personal income | $85,152 | BEA, 2024 · official |
| Gross domestic product | $51.9 billion | BEA, current dollars, 2024 · official |
| Median household income | $103,202 | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Poverty rate | 9.2% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 38.9% | Age 25+, ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Foreign-born residents | 33.6% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Median home value | $529,200 | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Median gross rent | $1,730/month | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Median age | 39.1 years | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Households | 203,277 | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
| Owner-occupied homes | 57.4% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year · official |
Union County in context
Comparable indicators for Union County, New Jersey and the United States.
| Indicator | County | New Jersey | U.S. | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population change 2020–2024 | +3.3% | +2.3% | +2.6% | Census Vintage 2024 |
| Birth rate (per 1,000) | 11.1 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 2024 |
| Death rate (per 1,000) | 6.7 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 2024 |
| Net migration rate (per 1,000) | 15.8 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 2024 |
| Population density (/mi²) | 5781.7 | 1291.8 | 96.3 | 2024 |
| Per capita personal income | $85,152 | $84,893 | $73,204 | BEA, 2024 |
| Median household income | $103,202 | $103,556 | $80,734 | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Poverty rate | 9.2% | 9.7% | 12.5% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 38.9% | 43.6% | 35.7% | Age 25+, ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Foreign-born residents | 33.6% | 23.9% | 14.1% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Median home value | $529,200 | $454,400 | $332,700 | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Median gross rent | $1,730/month | $1,720/month | $1,413/month | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Median age | 39.1 years | 40.1 years | 38.9 years | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
| Owner-occupied homes | 57.4% | 63.8% | 65.2% | ACS 2020–2024 5-year |
Cities & towns
2 cities · choose how to order them
Did you know? Union County
A quarter century of change
Its population went from 523,124 in 2000 to 594,160 in 2024, a change of +13.6%, compared with +12.7% for New Jersey as a whole.
Births and deaths
In the year to July 2024 the county recorded 6,619 births and 3,995 deaths, so births outnumbered deaths by 2,624.
Record population
Annual Census estimates since 2000 put the county's highest population in 2024, at 594,160.
3rd in density
Union County has about 5781.7 residents per square mile of land, ranking 3rd of 21 counties; New Jersey averages 1291.8.
Household income rank
With a median household income of $103,202 (ACS 2020–2024 5-year), the county ranks 10th of 21 New Jersey counties; the state median is $103,556.
Size of the economy
Its economy produced $51.9 billion of GDP in 2024 (BEA), 9th largest among 21 New Jersey counties.
Latest economic growth
Real GDP grew 3.1% in 2024, adjusted for inflation (BEA, chained 2017 dollars).
Sources and methodology
- U.S. Census Bureau — County population totals and components, Vintage 2024
- U.S. Census Bureau — County estimates 2010–2020
- U.S. Census Bureau — Intercensal estimates 2000–2010
- U.S. Census Bureau — Gazetteer files (land area)
- U.S. Census Bureau — American Community Survey 2020–2024 5-year
- U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis — Regional economic accounts
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics — LAUS